What is an Acrylic Polymer Emulsion?

When working with water based acrylic polymers, you will surely come across acrylic polymer emulsions. To better understand what exactly an acrylic polymer emulsion is, we should first look at what emulsions are.

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What is an Emulsion?

The word &#;emulsion&#; is derived from the Latin word meaning &#;to milk&#;, as milk is technically an emulsion of fat and water. Emulsions are a mixture of two or more liquids that aren&#;t normally mixable. Within an emulsion, one liquid, known as the dispersed phase, is dispersed within the other, known as the continuous phase. The two liquids can form different types of emulsions, as in oil-in-water or water-in oil. Some easily identifiable examples of emulsions are vinaigrettes, mayonnaise, and homogenized milk. Emulsions usually do not exhibit a static structure, as they are liquids.

Defining a Polymer

Next, we need to take a look at polymers. A polymer is defined as a large molecule composed of many repeating subunits. Both natural and synthetic polymers are an essential part of everyday life. From familiar synthetic plastics, like polystyrene, to natural biopolymers such as DNA and the proteins that are fundamental building blocks of all biological life on earth. When working with water based acrylic polymers, polymer coatings, and acrylic polymer emulsions, we find ourselves on the synthetic side of the polymer world.

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&#;and Acrylics?

This brings us to acrylics. Acrylic resins are a group of thermoplastic substances derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and other related compounds. More specifically, polymethyl acrylate is an acrylic resin used in its emulsified form for textile finishes, adhesives, lacquer, and other related products. Acrylic resins offer a huge advantage when used as an ingredient in paint. They are commonly the main ingredient in latex paint (known as &#;emulsion paint&#; in the UK). Both interior and exterior paints that have a greater portion of acrylic resin, versus vinyl, provide greater resistance to water, better stain protection, better adhesion, greater resistance to blistering and cracking, and resistance to alkali cleaners. Acrylic resin is considered to be extremely waterproof, making it ideal for application to outdoor appliances and furniture. In its solid form, acrylic resin can last for decades, and will not yellow when exposed to sunlight.

The particle size, distribution and concentration are important quality features for optimal functionality and workability of the emulsion. Film formation and pigment-binding capability are enhanced by fine particles. Furthermore, acrylic emulsions with fine particles have a larger surface area and therefore have greater interaction with thickeners. The particle size also affects the emulsion viscosity: large particles usually connote a low viscosity, while small particles result in a high viscosity.

The pure acrylic emulsion is frequently in a cloudy, highly-concentrated form and should also be measured in this original state. A possible dilution of the emulsion can lead to changes in droplet size, particle formation and stability. The photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS) implemented in NANOPHOX eliminates possible multiple scattering and can therefore be used to measure high concentrations. The measurable particle concentrations are much higher than with the conventional dynamic light scattering (DLS) using photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCS).

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