Press Fundamentals - The Heim Group

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BASIC DESIGN AND PRESS CHARACTERISTICS

A mechanical press is a machine that contains space and a mechanism to actuate metalworking dies at the appropriate speed. It provides mechanically developed energy, allowing the dies to perform specific cutting, blanking, and forming tasks.

The physical characteristics of a specific press are defined by the following factors:

DIE SIZE - This determines the bed area, along with the dimensions of the slide, bed, and bolster in both the left-right and front-back directions. The maximum die height establishes the shut height, typically measured as the distance from the bed to the slide with the stroke down and adjustment up (SDAU). To calculate the shut height, the bolster thickness must be added to the die height. The expected range of die heights influences the slide adjustments.

DIE ACCESSIBILITY AND PART HANDLING - This factor indicates whether the press will feature a straight side or gap frame construction and whether it will be inclined.

WORK TO BE PERFORMED - This defines the capacity, rating, stroke, and strokes per minute of the press.

The force needed to perform the work determines the press's capacity in tons. Additionally, the combination of press capacity and die area dimensions determines if the slide is driven by one point, two points, or four points. In crank-type presses, one-point and two-point designs are referred to as single crank and double crank presses, respectively.

The distance the dies must operate to produce the part and provide clearance for removal determines the stroke length. Furthermore, the distance over which work is performed sets the capacity rating, expressed as the distance from the bottom of the stroke or the point in the stroke at which the press is rated. Higher stroke ratings necessitate greater torque in the drive and increased flywheel energy. Elevated torque needs can influence whether the press features a single-end drive or a twin drive, which denotes whether the main shaft is driven from one end or both ends.

Production requirements and stroke length dictate the press's speed in strokes per minute, which determines if the press is non-geared (flywheel drive), single geared, or double geared.

For draw work, a method of holding the blank is necessary. For average draws, pneumatic die cushions are typically used. The force exerted by a die set is crucial in its operation. Due to the unique characteristics of crank motion, the force available to the dies fluctuates throughout the press's stroke. This variability is due to a constant torque supplied by the press drive, with force transmission by rotating members to the reciprocating slide ranging from a minimum at mid-stroke to a maximum at the bottom stroke, according to harmonic motion principles. It is customary to provide the required torque to achieve rated press tonnage at a specific point above the stroke's bottom, commonly 1/4 way up in the case of a double-geared press.

It is essential to remember that the tonnage must be exerted over a particular distance, utilizing energy defined as force multiplied by distance. Some press operations, such as blanking and piercing, require force exerted over shorter distances, while other operations, like deep draw work, necessitate force exerted over longer distances.

The main energy source (or force capable of being exerted over distance) comes from the flywheel. The flywheel's size and rotational speed dictate the available energy. Since the energy in the flywheel increases with the square of its speed, it is advantageous to rotate the flywheel as quickly as possible when high energy is needed. Thus, energy requirements significantly influence the types of drives in a press.

FLYWHEEL TYPE PRESS - In this design, the flywheel is directly attached to the main shaft. Primarily, this type of press is suited for blanking and piercing operations where energy demands are relatively low, operating at higher speeds, generally between 90 spm to several hundred spm.

SINGLE GEARED TYPE - The flywheel is mounted on a separate shaft with a single gear reduction used to transmit power to the main shaft. This press type is designed for shallow draw work, forming, and similar operations that require considerably more energy than the flywheel type provides. Typical strokes per minute for these presses range from 30 to 90 spm.

DOUBLE GEARED TYPE - This design features a flywheel mounted on a separate shaft with a double gear reduction for power transfer to the main shaft. It's used for deeper draw work with significant energy requirements due to longer distances and the maximum drawing speeds of various metals that limit slide speeds. Double-geared presses usually operate at speeds from 10 to 30 spm.

PRESS TYPES:

OPEN BACK INCLINABLE PRESS (OBI) - This versatile mechanical press is among the most widely used. It is a single crank press of either the flywheel or single geared type, featuring a gap frame that allows inclination. This design provides unobstructed access to the die space from three sides, enabling gravity-assisted removal of finished parts through the back opening. OBI presses come in numerous sizes with nominal tonnage ratings from 15 to 200 tons and are built to standard specifications. Stroke, shut height, and speed can be varied within limits. The OBI has numerous applications, making it an ideal general-purpose machine for blanking, bending, and shallow drawing tasks.

SINGLE CRANK GAP FRAME PRESS (OBS) - Similar to the OBI, this press lacks an inclining feature and is permanently vertical.

SINGLE CRANK HORN PRESS - This type resembles the single crank gap frame press, but its frame is constructed without a bed, designed for horn mounting. It can also include a swing-away table or adjustable bed, allowing for gap frame press use. The single crank horn press is ideal for tasks performed over a projecting die, such as piercing holes in cylinder walls or rings.

SINGLE CRANK STRAIGHT SIDE PRESS - Typically equipped with a single geared drive, this press is used for more precise jobs that require greater rigidity than what a gap frame press offers.

DOUBLE CRANK PRESS - Available in either straight or gap frame construction, this type usually has a single geared drive. It is used for blanking, piercing, forming, bending, or shallow draw work with wide dies, ensuring better alignment through two points of suspension for applied force. Using a twin drive (a gear on each end of the main shaft) can significantly increase torsional capacity. Both single and double crank presses can be outfitted with double gearing to reduce strokes per minute. These machines are available in various capacities and sizes.

ONE, TWO, AND FOUR POINT ECCENTRIC GEAR STRAIGHT SIDE PRESSES - Typically featuring double-geared drives, these presses are often used for medium to heavy blanking and draw work where long strokes and slower speeds are necessary.

PROGRESSIVE DIE PRESSES - Commonly known as high-speed or high-production presses, these machines are used to produce finished parts from coils. They may feature single or double crank configurations, eccentric shafts, and press-mounted double roll feeds along with scrap choppers. This class of press is designed with consideration for the additional accuracy and rigidity required in progressive die operations.

ECCENTRIC SHAFT PRESSES - Recommended for short stroke or high-speed operations, these presses have an eccentric shaft instead of a crankshaft, effectively minimizing bending effects on the main shaft and enhancing stiffness.

FOOTNOTE: (Mechanical Press Fundamentals - A Guide to Efficient Press Selection and Use. An American Metal Stamping Association Publication)

Choosing the Best Stamping Press Manufacturer

The stakes are high—quality, efficiency, and longevity are on the line. Choosing the right stamping press manufacturer can significantly influence your metal-forming operations. With numerous options available, how can you ensure that you're making the best choice?

This section explores the essential factors that differentiate manufacturers, such as cutting-edge technology, reliable performance, competitive pricing, and exceptional customer service. We will highlight why Stamtec stands out as a premier choice in the industry, offering superior expertise and customer satisfaction. By the conclusion, you will understand what to prioritize and why Stamtec is the intelligent choice for your metal-forming needs.

What Metal Stamping Press Manufacturers Do

Metal stamping press manufacturers design and produce machines that shape and cut metal sheets into specific forms using stamping processes. These machines are crucial for creating precise metal components across automotive, aerospace, consumer electronics, and other industries.

Manufacturers like Stamtec provide mechanical, forging, and servo presses, each tailored to various production requirements. Additionally, they offer auxiliary equipment, ensuring comprehensive solutions that enhance production efficiency and quality.

What to Look for From Stamping Press Suppliers

Focusing on key factors can help you make a well-informed decision when selecting a stamping press supplier, ensuring your investment yields long-term benefits and success in your metal-forming operations.

Innovation and Technology

Choosing a manufacturer that prioritizes innovation and technology is essential. Advanced technologies bolster efficiency and precision in operations while keeping your equipment competitive in a rapidly changing market. As a leading stamping press manufacturer, Stamtec delivers state-of-the-art machines featuring the latest technological advancements that ensure excellent performance and adaptability for diverse manufacturing needs.

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Reliability and Durability

Reliability and durability are crucial when selecting a stamping press company. Dependable equipment minimizes downtime, keeping production processes efficient and uninterrupted. Durable machines result in long-term cost savings, as they require fewer repairs and replacements. Stamtec's presses are famous for their robust construction and consistent high-quality output, making them a trusted option among metal stamping press manufacturers.

Customer Service and Support

No one wants to make a significant investment without accessible support for questions or concerns. Exceptional customer service and knowledgeable support are vital for maintaining operational efficiency and quickly addressing technical issues. A manufacturer offering comprehensive support—including maintenance, training, and troubleshooting—can considerably enhance your overall experience.

Stamtec excels in delivering top-tier customer service, ensuring rapid responses and practical solutions. With a dedicated service team ready to assist, your equipment will continue to operate at peak performance, and any concerns will be swiftly resolved.

Stamtec's Metal Stamping Press Machines

Stamtec offers various metal stamping press machines, each engineered to meet the production requirements of different industries with precision and efficiency.

• Gap Frame Presses: Ideal for smaller, precise operations, these presses provide excellent accessibility and flexibility, making them perfect for tasks requiring high accuracy, such as producing intricate components for the electronics industry.
• Straight Side Presses: Built for heavy-duty applications, straight side presses offer superior rigidity and stability, suitable for high-volume production runs, commonly used in the automotive industry for stamping large body panels.
• Crankshaft and Eccentric-Geared Presses: These presses provide high torque and stability, essential for forming operations demanding significant force, frequently used in heavy-duty applications like forging parts for industrial machinery.
• Servo Presses: Utilizing advanced servo technology, these presses provide precise control over the press cycle, enabling heightened accuracy and repeatability. Servo presses are often employed for complex forming operations in the aerospace sector, where precision is paramount.
• Auxiliary Equipment: Stamtec also offers a range of auxiliary equipment, including coil handling systems and quick die change systems, to enhance the efficiency and productivity of stamping operations, streamlining manufacturing processes while reducing downtime.

Stamtec Company Overview

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FAQs: Stamping Press Manufacturers

Below are answers to common questions regarding stamping press manufacturers. For additional information, please contact us.

What Industries Use Metal Stamping Presses?

Metal stamping presses are employed in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and industrial machinery, for producing components with high precision and efficiency.

How Do I Choose the Right Press for My Application?

Consider factors like material type, production volume, required precision, and specific application needs. Consulting an expert at Stamtec can aid in determining the best press for your requirements.

What Maintenance Is Required for Stamping Presses?

Regular maintenance includes lubrication, component inspection, and timely replacement of worn parts. Stamtec provides comprehensive maintenance support to ensure optimal performance.

How Can I Improve the Efficiency of My Stamping Operations?

Utilizing advanced auxiliary equipment, like coil handling systems and quick die change systems, can greatly enhance the efficiency and productivity of stamping operations.

Choose a Global Leader in Stamping Press Manufacturing

There are many reasons to choose Stamtec as your stamping press manufacturer—competitive pricing and quality equipment are just the beginning.

Stamtec, through our parent company, is among the largest press builders globally, having sold over 60,000 presses and employing 1,500 team members across 6.5 million square feet of manufacturing space in the U.S., Taiwan, China, and Mexico.

Producing more than 3,000 presses annually, we've remained a significant player in the industry for over 70 years, recognized for our quality, reliability, and proven performance. Contact us today to discover why Stamtec is the best place to find your metal stamping machine.

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