Omicron, Delta, Alpha, and More: What To Know About the ...

Omicron and its subvariants have ranked as the predominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in the U.S. for almost two years now. While the original Omicron strain (BA.1) is no longer circulating, Omicron subvariants are now driving most of the country&#;s SARS-CoV-2 infections. Omicron was first identified in Botswana and South Africa in late November , and cases quickly began to surface and multiply in other countries. By December of that year, Omicron was causing daily case numbers in the U.S. to skyrocket to over a million. In , it had spawned a number of subvariants. In , a new Omicron strain called EG.5 (nicknamed &#;Eris&#;) is the dominant strain in the U.S., and experts are monitoring another new strain called BA.2.86 (nicknamed &#;Pirola&#;).

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How contagious is it? Omicron&#;s subvariants are considered to be especially efficient spreaders of the disease. The original strain of Omicron was more transmissible than Delta was. One explanation was that more than 30 of Omicron&#;s mutations are on the virus&#;s spike protein, the part that attaches to human cells, and several of those are believed to increase the probability of infection.

Severity: Scientists are still working to learn more about whether the current Omicron strains cause more severe disease than their predecessors. Data has suggested that the original Omicron strain was less severe, in general, than previous variants, according to the CDC. But it has also been noted that surges in cases may lead to significant increases in hospitalizations and deaths, as they did during the variant&#;s spread at the beginning of , when the estimated death rates went as high or higher than they were at the time of the Delta variant surge in the previous autumn.

Can vaccination prevent it? The CDC says that while breakthrough infections in vaccinated people are expected, staying up to date with vaccinations is the best protection against Omicron. Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of a new fall updated COVID-19 booster against EG.5 and BA.2.86, according to the CDC. Currently, the CDC says the updated vaccine is expected to be effective at reducing severe disease and hospitalization from the two recent subvariants.

What are some of the unusual symptoms of COVID-19?

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause a wide range of signs and symptoms. The most common are fever, cough and tiredness.

Other symptoms include:

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• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Muscle aches
• Chills
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Headache
• Chest pain

But COVID-19 can cause symptoms you may not expect, including:

• Digestive symptoms. COVID-19 might cause nausea, vomiting or diarrhea &#; either alone or with other COVID-19 symptoms. Digestive symptoms sometimes develop before a fever and respiratory symptoms.
• Loss of smell or taste. A new loss of smell or taste &#; without a stuffy nose &#; is a common early symptom of COVID-19. Research suggests that most changes in smell and taste often resolve in 30 days. In some people, however, moderate to severe changes in smell and taste can last 60 days or more.

• Skin changes. The most common skin changes linked with mild to severe COVID-19 include a flat rash covered with small bumps, discolored areas on the fingers and toes (COVID toes), and hives.

  COVID toes appear to be more common in children and young adults. Swelling or discoloration can develop on one or several toes or fingers. The hands, wrists or ankles also can be affected. Blisters, itchiness, rough skin, or painful bumps can occur. A small amount of pus might develop under the skin. The symptoms can last 10 to 14 days or for months.

  However, swollen, discolored fingers or toes could also be chilblains, an inflammatory skin condition. Chilblains develop in response to repeated exposure to cold air.

• Confusion. Severe confusion (delirium) might be the main or only symptom of COVID-19 in older people. This COVID-19 symptom is linked with a high risk of poor outcomes, including death.
• Eye problems. Pink eye (conjunctivitis) can be a COVID-19 symptom. Research suggests that the most common eye problems linked to COVID-19 are light sensitivity, sore eyes and itchy eyes.

Signs and symptoms of COVID-19 may appear 2 to 14 days after exposure. They can range from mild to severe. If you think you might be experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, call your health care provider.

With

Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.

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