Omicron, Delta, Alpha, and More: What To Know About the ...

In the past two years, Omicron along with its various subvariants has emerged as the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in the United States. Although the initial Omicron strain (BA.1) is no longer seen, its subvariants continue to drive a large portion of COVID-19 cases across the nation. First detected in Botswana and South Africa in late November, Omicron quickly spread to other countries. By December, daily case numbers in the U.S. surged to over a million due to Omicron. In , further mutations led to new subvariants. Recently, in , the EG.5 strain, also known as "Eris," has become the most prevalent in the U.S., while experts keep a close eye on another new strain named BA.2.86, or "Pirola."

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Contagiousness: Omicron's subvariants are noted for their high transmission rates. More contagious than Delta, the initial Omicron strain had over 30 mutations on its spike protein, which attaches to human cells. Several of these mutations increase the likelihood of infection.

Severity: Researchers are still examining whether current Omicron subvariants cause more severe illness compared to earlier strains. Early data from the CDC suggested that the original Omicron was generally less severe than previous variants. However, surges in cases can still result in significant hospitalizations and deaths, as seen in early , when mortality rates climbed as high as those during the Delta variant peak.

Vaccination efficacy: According to the CDC, although breakthrough infections can occur in vaccinated individuals, staying current with vaccinations is the best defense against Omicron. Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of the fall 2021 updated COVID-19 booster against the EG.5 and BA.2.86 strains. The CDC currently predicts that the updated vaccine will effectively reduce severe disease and hospitalizations from these new subvariants.

What are some of the unusual symptoms of COVID-19?

COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus, can present a wide array of symptoms. While fever, cough, and fatigue are most common, other symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Muscle aches
• Chills
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Headache
• Chest pain

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COVID-19 can also result in unexpected symptoms, such as:

• Digestive Issues: Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may appear alone or alongside other COVID-19 symptoms. These digestive problems sometimes emerge before fever and respiratory symptoms.
• Loss of Smell or Taste: Many individuals experience a sudden loss of smell or taste without nasal congestion. Research indicates that these changes usually resolve within 30 days, although some cases can last 60 days or longer.
• Skin Changes: Common skin manifestations include a rash with small bumps, discolored areas on fingers and toes ("COVID toes"), and hives. "COVID toes" are more prevalent in children and young adults, causing swelling or discoloration. Symptoms may last 10 to 14 days or persist for months.
• Confusion: Severe confusion or delirium can be the primary symptom in older adults, associated with high risks of severe outcomes including death.
• Eye Problems: Symptoms like pink eye (conjunctivitis), light sensitivity, and sore or itchy eyes have been linked to COVID-19.

Symptoms of COVID-19 typically appear within 2 to 14 days after exposure, ranging from mild to severe. If you suspect you have COVID-19 symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

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