Choosing the Right Combine Harvester

Combine harvesters are agricultural machines mainly used to harvest grain crops such as cereals. They allow simultaneous harvesting and threshing. Choosing the right combine harvester can be daunting as there are a number of options available.

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 You&#;ll want to take into account your harvest budget and expected profitability in order to best calculate which machine matches your business plan. Choosing the harvester in accordance with the type of grain and straw separation desired is also quite important. In addition to this, you&#;ll need to consider storage capacity. In this guide, we&#;ll discuss the following points:

• Combine harvester types

• Area to be harvested

• Calculating the price

• Grain and straw separation

• Storage capacity

• Tires

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In , the Holt Manufacturing Company of California produced a self-propelled harvester.[7] In Australia in , the patented Sunshine Auto Header was one of the first center-feeding self-propelled harvesters.[8] In in Kansas, the Baldwin brothers and their Gleaner Manufacturing Company patented a self-propelled harvester that included several other modern improvements in grain handling.[9] Both the Gleaner and the Sunshine used Fordson engines; early Gleaners used the entire Fordson chassis and driveline as a platform. In , Alfredo Rotania of Argentina patented a self-propelled harvester.[10] International Harvester started making horse-pulled combines in . At the time, horse powered binders and stand alone threshing machines were more common. In the s, Case Corporation and John Deere made combines and these were starting to be tractor pulled with a second engine aboard the combine to power its workings. The world economic collapse in the s stopped farm equipment purchases, and for this reason, people largely retained the older method of harvesting. A few farms did invest and used Caterpillar tractors to move the outfits.

Tractor-drawn combines (also called pull-type combines) became common after World War II as many farms began to use tractors. An example was the All-Crop Harvester series. These combines used a shaker to separate the grain from the chaff and straw-walkers (grates with small teeth on an eccentric shaft) to eject the straw while retaining the grain. Early tractor-drawn combines were usually powered by a separate gasoline engine, while later models were PTO-powered. These machines either put the harvested crop into bags that were then loaded onto a wagon or truck, or had a small bin that stored the grain until it was transferred to a truck or wagon with an auger.

In the U.S., Allis-Chalmers, Massey-Harris, International Harvester, Gleaner Manufacturing Company, John Deere, and Minneapolis Moline are past or present major combine producers. In , the Australian-born Thomas Carroll, working for Massey-Harris in Canada, perfected a self-propelled model and in , a lighter-weight model began to be marketed widely by the company.[11] Lyle Yost invented an auger that would lift grain out of a combine in , making unloading grain much easier.[12] In Claeys launched the first self-propelled combine harvester in Europe;[13] in , the European manufacturer Claas developed a self-propelled combine harvester named 'Hercules', it could harvest up to 5 tons of wheat a day.[14] This newer kind of combine is still in use and is powered by diesel or gasoline engines. Until the self-cleaning rotary screen was invented in the mid-s combine engines suffered from overheating as the chaff spewed out when harvesting small grains would clog radiators, blocking the airflow needed for cooling.

A significant advance in the design of combines was the rotary design. The grain is initially stripped from the stalk by passing along a helical rotor, instead of passing between rasp bars on the outside of a cylinder and a concave. Rotary combines were first introduced by Sperry-New Holland in .[15]

In about the s on-board electronics were introduced to measure threshing efficiency. This new instrumentation allowed operators to get better grain yields by optimizing ground speed and other operating parameters.