Are there any benefits to using a regular washer alongside ...

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There are subtle differences. Its definitely not wrong. IMHO, its a matter of priorities. The lock washer usually improves the behavior of the bolt from coming undone. However, there are a lot of ifs and details that need to be considered.

1. components

First of all a short discussion about the individual components (lock washer and plain washer).

1.1 plain washer

In general, the plain washer helps by distributing the loads in a greater surface (see my answer to this question).

1.2 lock washer

The lock washer has two distinctive functions:

1. it digs into the surfaces that is in contact
2. it behaves as spring and it can maintain a minimum clamping force over a greater distance.

Especially the second one is very important (you should look into joint stiffness, because its hard to explain here), however the idea is that the lock washer behaves as a soft spring (relatively to the bolt). When you tighten a lock washer you can displace the lock washer for at least mm without significant increase in the force. If on the other hand you didn't use a washer, then the force for tightening would increase very fast upon contact of the bolt with the clamped material. The benefit is that if there is displacement induced vibration, there is almost always a residual force, that doesn't allow the bolt to rotate.

2. Configurations

Additionally there is a difference whether its a bolt-nut or just a fastener.

2.1 fastener

Figure: blind fastener configuration

My preferred way when there is a blind fastener (sometimes called cap screw) clamping two pieces, is just using a lock washer. Only using a lock washer and tightening it sufficiently will probably create some sort of marking on the surface, which will inhibit further the untightening of the screw.

Using the plain washer, is helpful because it spreads the loads, however, if you are worried about dynamic loads, and untightening due to vibrations, the plain washer will probably won't help

2.2 bolt nut

When using a bolt nut, - in general- the preferred way (at least the one that I was told by experts), is that its best to have the plain washer at the bolt head, and the lock washer on the side of the nut.

By digging in the surface, the lock washer reduces the probability of the bolt rotating.

Bottom line

If the main worry is to

• secure the bolt, then just the lock washer is better (although there are better ways - castellated nuts and lock pins).
• to protect the clamped material (especially if the clamped material is soft see PLA), then I would prefer using the lock washer with the plain washer (clamped material - plain washer - lock washer - bolt/screw)

I guess the bottom line is that you need to consider the priorities on each application.

Washers may seem like small components in the world of fasteners, but their role is crucial for ensuring the longevity and reliability of any assembly. Whether you're securing bolts in wood or fastening machinery components, understanding the different types and benefits of washers can significantly impact your project's success.

Washers are small, flat disks typically used in conjunction with bolts, screws, or nuts to distribute load and prevent damage to surfaces. They come in various types, each designed for specific applications and environments. Understanding the different types of washers and their uses is essential for ensuring the reliability and longevity of your fastening solutions.

Types of Washers

Flat Washers

Flat washers are the most common type of washers, providing a larger surface area to distribute the load of the fastener and prevent damage to the material being fastened.

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Spring Washers

Spring washers, also known as split washers, provide a spring-like action to maintain tension and prevent loosening due to vibration.

Lock Washers

Lock washers are designed to prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibration and torque. They come in various forms, such as star washers and tooth washers.

Fender Washers

Fender washers have a larger outer diameter compared to standard flat washers, offering more surface area for load distribution. They are ideal for use with large holes or soft materials.

Sealing Washers

Sealing washers include a sealing element, such as rubber or neoprene, to prevent leaks and provide a tight seal in plumbing and other applications.

Frequently Asked Questions about Washers

Are washers important?

Yes, washers are crucial in many applications. They distribute the load of a fastener, preventing damage to the surface and ensuring even pressure distribution. This helps prevent loosening due to vibration, protects surfaces from damage, and enhances the longevity and reliability of the fastening.

Are washers directional?

Most washers are not directional and can be placed in any orientation. However, certain types, such as spring washers or conical (Belleville) washers, are directional and must be installed in the correct orientation to function properly.

Are washers magnetic?

Washers can be magnetic or non-magnetic depending on the material they are made from. Steel washers, for example, are typically magnetic, while washers made from non-ferrous metals like aluminum, brass, or plastic are non-magnetic.

How are washers measured?

Washers are measured by their inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), and thickness. The inner diameter should match the diameter of the bolt or screw they are used with, while the outer diameter and thickness can vary based on the application requirements.

When are washers necessary?

Washers are necessary when you need to:

• Distribute the load of a fastener
• Prevent surface damage
• Ensure even pressure distribution
• Reduce the risk of loosening due to vibration
• Increase the longevity and reliability of the fastening

Where are washers used?

Washers are used in a wide range of applications including automotive, construction, electronics, machinery, and household appliances. They are essential components in any scenario where bolts or screws are used to join materials.

Where do washers go on a screw?

Washers are placed under the head of the screw, between the screw and the surface being fastened. This helps distribute the load and prevents damage to the surface.

Where do washers go on a bolt?

Washers are placed between the bolt head or nut and the surface being fastened. This helps distribute the load, prevent damage to the surface, and reduce the risk of loosening.

Why are washers used?

Washers are used to distribute the load of a fastener, prevent surface damage, ensure even pressure distribution, and reduce the risk of loosening due to vibration. They also help to increase the longevity and reliability of the fastening.

What types of washers are available?

There are several types of washers available, including:

• Flat Washers: Used to distribute load and prevent damage.
• Spring Washers: Provide a locking action to prevent loosening.
• Lock Washers: Designed to prevent loosening due to vibration.
• Fender Washers: Have a larger outer diameter for more surface coverage.
• Sealing Washers: Include a sealing element to prevent leaks.

Can washers be reused?

Washers can generally be reused if they are in good condition and not deformed or damaged. However, lock washers and some specialty washers may lose their effectiveness after being used once.

How do you choose the right washer for your application?

Choosing the right washer depends on several factors including the type of load, the material being fastened, and the environment. Consider the material, size, and type of washer that best suits your specific needs.

What materials are washers made from?

Washers are made from a variety of materials including steel, stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nylon, and rubber. The choice of material depends on the application and the environment in which the washer will be used.

How do you install a washer correctly?

To install a washer correctly, ensure it is placed between the fastener and the surface. For directional washers like spring or conical washers, make sure they are oriented correctly as per the manufacturer's instructions.

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