10 Questions You Should to Know about swimming pool heat pump calculator

Pool heat pumps generally fall into two types:-

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1. Inverter driven
2. On-Off

Inverter driven heat pumps are a newer generation of heat pumps. They are variable speed which allows the fan and compressor to run at different speeds according to the demand from the pool.

On/Off heat pumps can only run at 100% or turn off. They are not variable speed.

The advantage of inverter heat pumps over on/off models is:-

1. More efficient = lower running costs: When inverter heat pumps run at reduced speed their efficiency (COP) rises drastically. Inverter driven heat pumps can have efficiencies (COPs) of up to 14.

This means that for every 1kw of power used, they can return up to 14kw of heat to the pool. The maximum COP for on/off heat pumps is around 5 to 6

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2. They are generally much quieter as they do not need to always run at 100%. Once the pool reaches the desired temperature, the inverter driven heat pump can slow itself down and run at a reduced speed eg 30%. When running at a reduced speed, the noise is significantly reduced.

3. Built in &#;soft-start&#;. When inverter heat pumps start, they gradually increase their speed from zero up to the required running speed. This gentle start up avoids the power &#;spike&#; that can be encountered with on-off type heat pumps.

This &#;soft-start&#; feature of inverter driven heat pumps prevents issues such as the house lights flickering when the heat pump starts or electrical breakers tripping on the consumer unit.

At the moment, both on/off and inverter driven heat pumps are available.

The calculations in question are really not that complicated and in the end just reduce to understanding what the units mean.

Gas heaters are rated by the number of BTU/hr of natural gas (or propane fuel) they consume. So the "gotcha" there is you need to multiply that rating by the efficiency of the heater (typically somewhere in the 80-90% range) to get the heat that will actually end up in the pool water. A BTU is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree F. So divide the number of pounds of water in the pool by the BTU/hr of the heater (after the efficiency correction) and you will get the number of degrees/hour you can expect the water temperature to rise by.

BTUs being an inconveniently small unit to actually bill you for, the gas company charges you by the "therm" Which is define as 100,000 BTUs. So your typical 400k BTU pool heater burns 4 therms/hour.

Heat Pumps (at least in the US) are also rated in terms of BTU/hr, but in their case the BTU/hr is the heat delivered to the water, so no further correction for that needed for figuring out how quickly they can heat your pool. But the amount of heat they can deliver is very dependent on the difference in temperature between the water and the air so that does need to be accounted for.

Heat Pumps also have an efficiency rating called COP. This is the ratio of the electrical energy put in to the unit to the amount of heat that is delivered to the water. The wonderful thing about heatpumps is that this number is greater than 1, typically about 3, meaning that they deliver 3 times as much heat to the water as the electrical energy consumed (the extra heat being extracted from the air). Since electrical power is usually measured in kWh I'll leave it as an excise the reader to find the conversion from kWh to BTU. When looking at the heat-pump number it is also important to look at the spec sheets closely as the COP (just like the heating capacity) is strongly dependent on the temperature difference between the water and the air that you are trying to pull the heat from. (Think of a heat pump as pushing the heat uphill from a cold place to a warmer one, the higher the hill the more push needed.)

Finally when trying to figure out the question "How long will it take to warm up my pool" you have to consider the amount of heat being lost to the environment if the pool is warmer than the surrounding air and earth. This is where the higher available capacity of the gas heaters can win as higher capacity is better able to outrun the losses.

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