Waste sorting

Environmental practice of separating waste categories to make it easy to recycle

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Manual waste sorting for recycling Emptying of segregated rubbish containers in Polish medium-sized city Tomaszów Mazowiecki

Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements.[1] Waste sorting can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside collection schemes, or automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological treatment systems. Hand sorting was the first method used in the history of waste sorting.[2] Waste can also be sorted in a civic amenity site.

Waste segregation is the division of waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products, metals and glass. Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness. With segregation, each form of waste goes into its category at the point of dumping or collection, but sorting happens after dumping or collection. Segregation of waste ensures pure, quality material. Sorting on the other hand will end up producing impure materials with less quality.

These days, automatic waste segregators are gaining popularity and are already being used in many parts of the world like Australia.

Methods

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Waste is collected at its source in each area and separated. The way that waste is sorted must reflect local disposal systems. The following categories are common:[3]

Organic waste can also be segregated for disposal:

• Leftover food which has had any contact with meat can be collected separately to prevent the spread of bacteria.
  • Meat and bone can be retrieved by bodies responsible for animal waste.
  • If other leftovers are sent, for example, to local farmers, they can be sterilised before being fed to the animals.
• Peels and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with other degradable matter. Other waste can be included for composting, such as cut flowers, corks, coffee grounds, rotting fruit, tea bags, eggshells and nutshells, and paper towels.

Mechanisms for automated sorting

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Automation of municipal solid waste sorting process is an active research area.[4] Notable mechanisms for automated sorting include:

By country

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Characteristic containers for recycling in Portovenere, Italy

In Germany, regulations exist that provide mandatory quotas for the waste sorting of packaging waste and recyclable materials such as glass bottles.[20]

In Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, a pilot project using an automated collecting machine of plastic bottles or aluminium cans with voucher reward has been implemented in a market.[21]

In India, the government inaugurated the Swachh Bharat Mission ("Clean India Mission") in , a nationwide cleanup effort. Before this national consolidated effort for systematic and total waste management came into common consciousness, many cities and towns in India had already launched individual efforts directed at municipal waste collection of segregated waste, either based on citizen activism and/or municipal efforts to set up sustainable systems.[22]

In Ukraine, people are learning to sort garbage. Garbage is sorted in schools and kindergartens in Khmelnitsky.[23][24]

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency reports that the infrastructure for recycling waste has not kept pace with the rate of waste production.[25]

In Australia, Smart Bins have been introduced as a solution for waste management issues that the country faces. The AI-powered smart bin is equipped to segregate recyclables all by itself. Experts also claim that a smart bin like this may also increase waste-recovery rates in the country and help produce better quality recyclable products that will add to Australia's GDP.[26]

Worldwide

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Contact us to discuss your requirements of Waste Separation Equipment Exporter. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

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In terms of plastic waste sorting and recycling, an estimated 9% of the estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste from the s up to has been recycled and another 12% has been incinerated with the rest reportedly being "dumped in landfills or the natural environment".[27]

See also

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References

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• Waste sorting at Wikimedia Commons

What Is Waste Separation?

Waste separation is a separate collection of different types of waste. The waste, which is as far as possible sorted by type, is then reused as secondary raw material or disposed of according to type.

A distinction is made between two groups of originators and dependent aspects for waste separation:

1. The separation of household waste in private households.
2. The separation of waste in trade and industry.

This differentiation results in different waste separation systems. Household waste is usually disposed of uniformly through a system that covers the entire area and is integrated into the municipal waste management system. On the other hand, companies require special solutions adapted to the industry and product, which can be integrated into their business workflows.

Today, both sides are often combined into a uniform waste separation system that follows the same legal framework, financing and waste management organization.

In addition to waste from consumption and production (primary waste), secondary waste is also considered in waste separation. This waste is generated during waste disposal (including residues from animal carcass recycling, waste incineration ashes and slag, shredded material, sewage sludge).

What methods of waste separation are there?

Waste has become an important economic good. This is the only way to finance waste disposal from a macroeconomic point of view. For this reason, waste separation is also seen as an opportunity to refine otherwise worthless material. Modern waste management follows this principle.

In the process of waste separation, a distinction is made between two methods:

1. The originator sorting by himself.
2. The subsequent sorting in waste sorting plants, the so-called splitting.

The latest developments are taking into account the later disposal of a product already during its manufacturing and use. This should make waste separation easier. Measures such as the Green Dot also make it easier for disposal companies to separate the residual waste from the source furthermore efficiently.

What Types of Waste Separation Are There?

Until the late s, there was only one type of waste separation: waste and non-waste. Accordingly, there was only one garbage can for each household, and for garbage that did not fit into the can, bulky waste was collected several times a year. It was only from this time on that thoughts were given to waste separation further.

1. Waste glass
   Used glass is understood to be container forms made of glass that are not subject to a deposit. Mostly, waste glass is collected in central, public containers, differentiated by green, brown, and white colours.
2. Waste paper
   We have our garbage cans for the disposal of waste paper and cardboard residues. The use of &#;blue garbage can&#; is mandatory.
3. Construction waste/mixed construction waste
   All mineral materials are counted as building rubble, everything beyond that is classified as mixed construction waste. This waste must be disposed of in special containers.
4. Biowaste garbage can
   Organic waste such as leftover food or fruit is better utilized with the help of the &#;brown&#; organic waste garbage can, for example, biogas or fertilizer.
5. Dual system
   In the course of the new packaging ordinance of , the Dual System was introduced in Germany. All correspondingly marked packaging materials made of plastic and metal are put into the yellow garbage can.
6. Electronic scrap
   These wastes are usually consumer electronics, communications equipment and a variety of household aids and lighting fixtures. It is also hazardous waste.
7. Bulky waste
   Anything that does not fit into the 120-liter trash can and is a disused household item is considered bulky waste. For such waste, a bulky waste collection must be ordered, or there are regular collection dates.
8. Special waste
   All waste that is explosive or toxic is considered hazardous waste. This includes old paints and varnishes, alkalis, disinfectants, acids and waste containing oil, which must be disposed of separately.

Why Is Waste Separation Sensible and Important?

Correctly implemented waste separation is sustainable. It conserves natural resources, protects the environment from further destruction and saves costs. Many recyclable materials and raw materials in the waste can be recycled by separating waste.

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