How long does polyester mesh last? | Jiede - Fashion Fabrics

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Sep. 30, 2024

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How long does polyester mesh last? | Jiede - Fashion Fabrics

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Polyester mesh is a popular material used in a wide range of applications, from clothing and accessories to industrial filters and sports equipment. It is known for its durability, strength, and versatility. However, one common question that many people have about polyester mesh is how long it lasts. In this article, we will explore the lifespan of polyester mesh and the factors that can affect its longevity.

What is polyester mesh?

Polyester mesh is a type of fabric that is made from synthetic fibers. It is known for its strength and durability, making it an ideal material for a variety of uses. Polyester mesh is often used in the manufacturing of sportswear, outdoor gear, and industrial applications. It is also commonly used in the production of screen printing screens, due to its ability to hold a sharp image and withstand the rigors of the printing process. Polyester mesh is available in a wide range of sizes and thicknesses, making it suitable for a variety of applications.

Factors affecting the lifespan of polyester mesh

There are several factors that can affect the lifespan of polyester mesh. One of the most important factors is the quality of the material itself. Higher quality polyester mesh is typically made from stronger and more durable fibers, which can contribute to a longer lifespan. The way in which the mesh is woven or knitted can also make a difference in its longevity. Tighter weaves and finer yarns generally result in a stronger and longer-lasting fabric.

Another factor that can affect the lifespan of polyester mesh is the environment in which it is used. Exposure to harsh chemicals, extreme temperatures, and UV radiation can all cause polyester mesh to degrade more quickly. For example, if polyester mesh is used in outdoor applications where it is exposed to the sun for long periods of time, it may experience a shorter lifespan than if it were used indoors.

How to prolong the lifespan of polyester mesh

While polyester mesh is a strong and durable material, there are steps that can be taken to prolong its lifespan. One of the most important things is to properly care for the mesh. This includes washing it according to the manufacturer's instructions and avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals and excessive heat. Storing polyester mesh in a cool, dry place when it is not in use can also help to prevent degradation.

In addition to proper care, choosing the right type of polyester mesh for the intended application can also make a difference in its longevity. For example, if the mesh will be exposed to a lot of wear and tear, selecting a heavier weight or higher quality material may be beneficial. In some cases, adding a protective coating or treatment to the mesh can also help to extend its lifespan.

Common uses for polyester mesh

Polyester mesh is used in a wide range of applications, thanks to its strength and durability. One common use for polyester mesh is in the production of screen printing screens. The fine weave of the mesh allows for sharp, detailed images to be printed onto various surfaces. Polyester mesh is also commonly used in the manufacturing of sportswear and outdoor gear, such as backpacks and tents. Its resistance to moisture and ability to withstand abrasion make it a popular choice for these types of applications. In industrial settings, polyester mesh is often used in the production of filters, due to its ability to trap particles while still allowing air or liquid to flow through.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the lifespan of polyester mesh can vary depending on a number of factors, including the quality of the material, the environment in which it is used, and how it is cared for. By choosing the right type of polyester mesh for the intended application and taking proper care of the material, it is possible to prolong its lifespan and ensure that it remains strong and durable for as long as possible. Understanding the factors that can affect the lifespan of polyester mesh is important for anyone who uses this versatile material in their daily lives. Whether it's for clothing, sports equipment, or industrial purposes, polyester mesh is likely to remain a popular choice for a wide range of applications in the years to come.

Long term outcome and elasticity of a polyester mesh used ...

Hernia.

; 26(2): 489&#;493.

doi:

10./s-021--6

PMCID:

PMC

PMID:

Long term outcome and elasticity of a polyester mesh used for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair

1 ,2 and 3

and

P. J. O&#;Dwyer

1School of Medicine, Dentistry and Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

Find articles by P. J. O&#;Dwyer

C. Chew

2Department of Radiology, University Hospital Hairmyres, Glasgow, UK

Find articles by C. Chew

H. Qandeel

3Department of Surgery, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

Find articles by H. Qandeel

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer

1School of Medicine, Dentistry and Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

2Department of Radiology, University Hospital Hairmyres, Glasgow, UK

3Department of Surgery, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

P. J. O&#;Dwyer,

moc.liamg@j2dojPCorresponding author.

Corresponding author.

Copyright © The Author(s) Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Associated Data

Data Availability Statement

Available if requested.

Not applicable.

Abstract

Background

Repair of a ventral hernia is increasingly being performed by a laparoscopic approach despite lack of good long term follow up data on outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the long term performance of a polyester mesh and to assess its elastic properties in patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

Methods

All patients being assessed for a ventral hernia repair between August and November were placed on a prospective database. Those undergoing laparoscopic repair with a polyester mesh were seen at clinic at one month and one year, while their electronic records were assessed at 34 months (range 24&#;48 months) and 104 months (range 92&#;116 months). In addition, CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis performed for any reason on these patients during the follow up period were reviewed by a consultant gastrointestinal radiologist. Mechanical failure testing of the mesh was also performed.

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Results

Thirty-two of the 100 patients assessed for ventral hernia repair had a laparoscopic repair with a polyester mesh. Nineteen (59%) had CT scans performed during the follow-up period. No recurrence was recorded at 34 months, while three (9.4%) had a recurrence at 104 months. Two had central breakdown of the mesh at 81 and 90 months, while 1 presented acutely at 116 months after operation. Mesh had stretched across the defect by an average of 21% (range 5.7&#;40%) in nine patients. Mechanical testing showed that this mesh lost its elasticity at low forces ranging between 1.8 and 3.2 N/cm.

Conclusion

This study shows that late recurrence is a problem following laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with polyester mesh. The mesh loses it elasticity at a low force. This combined with degradation of mesh seems the most likely cause of failure. This is unlikely to be a unique problem of polyester mesh and further long-term studies are required to better assess this operative approach to ventral hernia repair.

Keywords:

Hernia, Laparoscopic, Mesh, Computed tomography, Late recurrence

Introduction

Repair of a ventral hernia is a common operation that is increasingly being undertaken by a laparoscopic approach [1]. The advantages of the laparoscopic over the open approach include shorter hospital stay, a more rapid return to normal activities and perhaps most importantly less wound complications. In a recent nationwide study of over patients recurrence rates were similar for open and laparoscopic repair after an average follow-up of 4 years [1]. This study also indicated that for defects between 2 and 6 cm, the laparoscopic approach may be superior to open repair.

Most meshes are sufficiently strong to resist the pressures exerted on them by increased intraabdominal pressure such as with coughing. However, meshes degrade over time and lose their elasticity. A recent study has shown that a lightweight polyester mesh ruptured centrally when used to augment open ventral hernia repair [2]. A meta-analysis and systematic review of over 10,000 patients comparing polyester with polypropylene meshes, however, found no difference in recurrence rates between the products [3]. Follow-up in most of these studies was short with little data available on outcomes beyond 5 years.

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term performance of a polyester mesh and to assess its elastic properties in patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

Methods

Between august and November all patients with a ventral hernia under the care of one surgeon were maintained on a prospective database. Data recorded included age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anaesthetist grade (ASA) type of hernia, defect width, clean or contaminated wounds, etc. Operative details including type of operation, mesh used, operative times and complications were also recorded, as were hospital stay and postoperative complications.

Patients considered suitable for a laparoscopic repair were those with a defect width of between 2 and 6 cm or those with high comorbidity irrespective of defect size. A monofilament polyester mesh with a hydrophilic porcine dermis collagen barrier (Parietex Composite Optimised Mesh, Covidien, New Haven, CT, USA) was used for all patients.

The abdominal cavity was accessed at Palmer&#;s point using an optical port (Endopath Xcel, Ethicon). Two additional 5-mm ports were placed under direct vision and used to reduce the hernia and take down any adhesions present. An intraperitoneal onlay mesh was then inserted and placed across the defect with at least a 5-cm overlap. The mesh was secured with two rows of tacks (ProTack Covidien New Haven, CT, USA) and four transfacial sutures. An additional optical port and a 5-mm working port was also inserted on the patient&#;s right side under direct vision. This allowed tacking from both sides and ensure the mesh was not lax following repair and overlap of defect was similar on both sides. All 10- to 12-mm port sites were closed with an absorbable suture.

Patients were followed-up at clinic at 1 month and 1 year while electronic notes were assessed at two further time points to access long-term outcomes. In addition, CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis performed for any reason during follow-up were reviewed by a consultant radiologist to determine if a recurrent hernia was present on CT. Also the mesh across the defect was measured on CT to determine if it had stretched during follow-up. Measurements were taken axial view where the defect was maximal and followed the expected normal contours of the abdominal wall. The mesh length was measured at the marked points of the defect edge on the same CT image.

In addition, polyester mesh (Parietex Composite) was subjected to failure testing by a Zwick-Roell Z2.0 machine (Zwick-Roell, Ulm, Germany). The mesh was cut into 140 mm by 25 mm specimens in the longitudinal (warp) and transverse (weft) direction. Specimens were hydrated in saline at 37 degrees Celsius for at least 10 min before testing. Mesh was placed between grips of the machine with 20 mm overlap on each side. The mesh was then subjected to loading at a rate of 10 mm per minute. These settings were chosen in accordance with the British Standards Institute. Each test was ended when the mesh ruptured.

Statistics

Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation where appropriate. Parametric data was compared using a T test while nonparametric data were analysed using a Chi squared test. Analysis was performed using IBM Statistics for windows, version 22.0 (Armonk New York USA, IBM corp.)

Results

Thirty-two of the 100 patients evaluated for ventral hernia repair were considered suitable for a laparoscopic approach. These patients were significantly older than their open counterparts but demographic data were otherwise similar (Table ). The average defect width was 6.2 cm (range 2&#;12 cm) while the average mesh used to cover this defect was 17 cm (range 15&#;25 cm). There were no intraoperative complications with this group of patients while the average hospital stay was 2 days. Four patients had a seroma while one had severe pain postoperatively.

Table 1

Laparoscopic
(N&#;=&#;32)Open
(N&#;=&#;68)p valueAge years63.5 (11.5)53.7 (15.5)0.001Male/female10//350.158BMI31.7 (4.9)32.2 (6.9)0.318ASA score2.39 (0.8)2.21 (0.62)0.158Incisional hernia*.750Open in a separate window

Electronic records of patients were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 24&#;48 months) and again at a mean follow-up of 104 months (range 92&#;116 months). Nineteen (59%) of the 32 patients operated on had an abdominopelvic CT on follow-up, the indications for CT are shown on Table . At 34 months no recurrences were recorded while at 104 months, three (9.4%) patients were noted to have a recurrence on CT scan. Two of these were noted on staging CT for cancer, while one presented acutely with incarcerated omentum in a hernia sac. The interval between operation and recurrence was 81, 90 and 116 months, respectively. Two of the recurrences involved central rupture of the mesh while the third was observed between two, tacks lateral to the original defect. An additional patient had a large pelvic cancer which ruptured through the mesh 47 months after her hernia repair.

Table 2

IndicationNumberCancer*10Pain5Sepsis2Obstruction#1Incarcerated hernia1Open in a separate window

Elasticity of mesh

Ten meshes were tested &#; 5 in the longitudinal direction and 5 in the transverse direction. Mesh lost its elasticity at a force of 1.8 N/cm in the longitudinal direction and 3.2 N/cm in the transverse direction. This was associated with an increase in length of 22 and 5 mm, respectively. Mesh ruptured at a force of 20.8 n/cm in the longitudinal direction and 42.1 N/cm in the transverse direction. The increase in length associated with this was 79 and 36 mm, respectively (Table ).

Table 3

Mesh directionLoss of elasticity (N/cm)*Increase in length (%)Rupture (N/cm)*Increase in length (%)Longitudinal (SD)1.8 (0.1)22 (2)20.8 (1.6)79 (3)Transverse (SD)3.2 (0.2)5 (0)42.1 (3.6)36 (3)Open in a separate window

In nine (47%) of patients who had a CT, the mesh had stretched across the defect by an average of 21.3% (range 5.7&#;40%). This was observed for both small and large defects&#;Figs. and .

Open in a separate window

Discussion

This study shows that 3 (9.4%) of 32 patients had a late recurrence of their hernia following laparoscopic repair of a ventral hernia using a polyester mesh. Recurrences were only observed after 5 years of follow-up. This pattern of recurrence has not been reported before and highlights the importance of long-term follow-up in this group of patients. Around 50% of recurrences for both open and laparoscopic ventral hernia are thought to happen within 2 years of operation, yet in this study none were recorded at that time point [4].

A possible explanation for hernia recurrence particularly after bridging a defect could be loss of elasticity of the mesh with herniation of the mesh into the defect. MRI studies have shown that an intraabdominal pressure of 18.6 Kpa generates a force on the abdominal wall of 28 n/cm in the transverse direction and 22 n/cm in the longitudinal direction [5]. This pressure can be generated by coughing or jumping in a healthy adult and far outstrips the force required to convert the mesh used in this study from elastic to plastic [6].

Although CT scans confirmed stretching of the polyester mesh used to bridge the defect, this was not present in all patients and in some it was minor and not clinically relevant. Degradation of the mesh over time, combined with stretching, seems a more logical explanation of the late recurrence seen in our study. A study by Riepe et al. examining the in vivo hydrolysis of polyester vascular grafts demonstrated that hydrolytic degradation of polyester reduced their bursting pressure by 31.4% at 10 years [7]. Degradation is obviously observed for all mesh products and is likely to weaken the mesh over time so that rupture force is considerably less than it was de novo [8&#;10].

Differential outcome for different meshes have been observed following both open and laparoscopic ventral hernia repair [2, 4, 11]. Generally lightweight meshes break and give rise to early recurrence. There is some evidence that suturing a defect rather than just bridging it reduces early recurrence [1]. However, closing the defect was not performed in this study and yet all recurrences were seen after 5 years.

One of the drawbacks of this study is the lack of long-term clinical follow-up. However, in the current climate of Covid-19 this would not be possible. An alternative is to look at recurrence through well-kept national registries. This identifies patients that undergo reoperation for their hernia and if we were to do that only 1 (3%) of the recurrences in our study would have been found. As many patients require a CT scan for one reason or another as they get older, while not perfect, this will identify the patient who is asymptomatic or does not wish a further operation for their hernia. Scotland has a national linked picture archiving and communication system (PACS) which is in effect a comprehensive imaging registry for our population.

A further drawback of this study is that the number of patients in the study was small and represented only one-third of those referred for operation over the 2-year period. However, all the operations were performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon with a major interest in hernia management. The unit acted as a tertiary referral centre for complex hernias with 18 of the patients having contaminated wounds or dirty wounds secondary to infected mesh or fistulae while the remainder had complex often recurrent hernias suitable for retro-muscular or component separation repair only.

Conclusion

This study shows that late recurrence is a problem following laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with polyester mesh. The mesh loses it elasticity at a low force. This combined with degradation of polyester mesh seems the most likely cause of failure. This is unlikely to be a unique problem of polyester mesh and further long-term studies are required to better assess this operative approach to ventral hernia repair.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Nicholas Dodds for his help with testing the mesh at the Department of Engineering, University of Glasgow. We would also like to thank Covidien for their kind donation of mesh for the mechanical failure testing study.